引言近年來(lái)，隨著房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)的深度調(diào)整，建筑玻璃深加工企業(yè)向家裝定制化門(mén)窗用玻璃轉(zhuǎn)型。由于家裝系統(tǒng)門(mén)窗或定制化門(mén)窗產(chǎn)品屬于個(gè)人定制產(chǎn)品，相關(guān)配套的產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)被終端用戶(hù)所忽略，超標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的零缺陷質(zhì)量要求越來(lái)越高，超越產(chǎn)品屬性的要求相對(duì)較多，中空玻璃丁基膠內(nèi)溢也逐漸成為新增的投訴熱點(diǎn)。要解決中空玻璃丁基膠內(nèi)溢的問(wèn)題，首先要對(duì)中空玻璃丁基膠內(nèi)溢的典型案例進(jìn)行剖析，了解造成中空玻璃丁基膠內(nèi)溢的根源，從生產(chǎn)、貯存、運(yùn)輸、安裝、使用維護(hù)等環(huán)節(jié)找到解決問(wèn)題的辦法，從而減少或杜絕中空玻璃丁基膠內(nèi)溢的發(fā)生。中空玻璃的密封結(jié)構(gòu)中空玻璃的結(jié)構(gòu)是由兩片或多片玻璃、間隔條、干燥劑、丁基熱熔密封膠、外道密封膠組合到一體，形成一個(gè)完整的中空玻璃結(jié)構(gòu)密封系統(tǒng)。玻璃為主材，間隔條、干燥劑、丁基膠、外道膠為輔材。

　　Introduction: In recent years, with the deep adjustment of the real estate market, architectural glass deep processing enterprises have transformed towards customized glass for home decoration doors and windows. Due to the fact that home decoration system doors and windows or customized door and window products belong to individual customized products, the related supporting product standards are ignored by end users. The zero defect quality requirements beyond the standards are becoming increasingly high, and there are relatively more requirements beyond product attributes. The overflow of butyl rubber in insulated glass has gradually become a new complaint hotspot. To solve the problem of butyl rubber overflow in insulating glass, it is necessary to first analyze typical cases of butyl rubber overflow in insulating glass, understand the root causes of butyl rubber overflow in insulating glass, and find solutions from production, storage, transportation, installation, use and maintenance to reduce or eliminate the occurrence of butyl rubber overflow in insulating glass. The sealing structure of insulating glass is composed of two or more pieces of glass, spacer strips, desiccants, butyl hot melt sealant, and outer sealant combined into one, forming a complete sealing system for the insulating glass structure. Glass is the main material, with spacer strips, desiccants, butyl rubber, and outer adhesive as auxiliary materials.

　　這些材料在中空玻璃制造應(yīng)用過(guò)程中分別承擔(dān)著不同的功能作用，間隔條使得兩片玻璃之間中空腔體厚度保持一致性；干燥劑吸附著中空玻璃日常應(yīng)用過(guò)程中滲入腔體內(nèi)的濕氣，確保腔體內(nèi)的空氣長(zhǎng)期干燥；丁基熱熔密封膠是中空玻璃密封最佳的第一道密封膠，水蒸氣透過(guò)率[g（/m2·d）]≤0.8，因此，丁基熱熔密封膠在中空玻璃密封結(jié)構(gòu)中起到密封作用；外道密封膠，俗稱(chēng)二道膠，其主要功能是中空玻璃的結(jié)構(gòu)固定膠，協(xié)助第一道密封膠阻擋水氣滲入。但由于自身分子結(jié)構(gòu)的不同，產(chǎn)品層次不同，二道密封膠水蒸氣透過(guò)率[g（/ m2·d）]在3～25之間，第二道膠在中空玻璃服役運(yùn)行過(guò)程中起到密封結(jié)構(gòu)的固定作用。

　　These materials play different functional roles in the manufacturing and application of insulating glass, and the spacer strip ensures consistency in the thickness of the hollow cavity between the two glass sheets; Desiccant absorbs moisture that seeps into the cavity of insulated glass during daily use, ensuring that the air inside the cavity remains dry for a long time; Butyl hot melt sealant is the best first sealant for sealing insulating glass, with a water vapor transmission rate [g (/m2 · d)] ≤ 0.8. Therefore, butyl hot melt sealant plays a sealing role in the sealing structure of insulating glass; External sealant, commonly known as secondary sealant, is mainly used as a structural fixing adhesive for insulated glass, assisting the first sealant in blocking the infiltration of moisture. However, due to the different molecular structures and product levels, the vapor transmission rate [g (/m2 · d)] of the second sealing adhesive is between 3 and 25. The second adhesive plays a role in fixing the sealing structure during the service and operation of the insulating glass.

　　熱熔丁基密封膠熱熔丁基密封膠是以聚異丁烯、丁基橡膠配以少量的輔料，經(jīng)過(guò)高溫、捏合、真空攪拌而制成。丁基膠在中空玻璃的主要起到密封的作用，具有阻擋水汽滲透、惰性氣體泄漏的能力（年水汽滲透率：0.5～1g），在密封膠當(dāng)中是一款密封性能良好的產(chǎn)品。中空玻璃使用過(guò)程中其形體不允許固定，在中空玻璃有效使用期內(nèi)丁基膠必須具備因環(huán)境溫度、氣壓、風(fēng)荷載變化時(shí)中空玻璃熱脹冷縮呼吸運(yùn)動(dòng)的拉伸和回彈，確保中空玻璃腔體的連續(xù)不間斷密封。因此，根據(jù)要求它必須具有永久塑性和優(yōu)良的耐候性。熱熔丁基密封膠內(nèi)溢典型案例近年來(lái)，隨著新建公共建筑的大面積縮水，既有建筑改造定制門(mén)窗、系統(tǒng)門(mén)窗的應(yīng)用逐漸增多，系統(tǒng)門(mén)窗、定制化門(mén)窗對(duì)中空玻璃的外觀質(zhì)量也要求越來(lái)越高，甚至超標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的零缺陷質(zhì)量要求。定制門(mén)窗用玻璃產(chǎn)品的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不被引用，玻璃板面無(wú)限增大，中空腔體大到30mm以上，丁基膠用量減少到3g/延米雙邊，忽略了腔體厚度的節(jié)能效果和密封性能，一味地追求外觀質(zhì)量，造成以減少丁基膠用量來(lái)避免丁基膠內(nèi)溢的不良現(xiàn)象。內(nèi)溢原因分析及改善建議

　　Hot melt butyl sealant is made by mixing polyisobutene and butyl rubber with a small amount of auxiliary materials, and then subjecting them to high temperature, kneading, and vacuum stirring. Butyl rubber mainly plays a sealing role in insulating glass, with the ability to block water vapor penetration and inert gas leakage (annual water vapor permeability: 0.5-1g). It is a product with good sealing performance among sealants. During the use of insulated glass, its shape is not allowed to be fixed. During the effective use period of insulated glass, butyl rubber must have the ability to stretch and rebound due to changes in environmental temperature, air pressure, and wind load, ensuring continuous and uninterrupted sealing of the insulated glass cavity. Therefore, according to the requirements, it must have permanent plasticity and excellent weather resistance. In recent years, with the large-scale shrinkage of newly built public buildings, the application of customized doors and windows and system doors and windows for building renovation has gradually increased. The appearance quality of insulated glass for system doors and windows and customized doors and windows is also increasingly required, even exceeding the standard zero defect quality requirement. The standard for customized glass products for doors and windows is not referenced. The glass surface is infinitely enlarged, and the hollow cavity is larger than 30mm. The amount of butyl rubber used is reduced to 3g/linear meter on both sides, ignoring the energy-saving effect and sealing performance of the cavity thickness. The blind pursuit of appearance quality results in reducing the amount of butyl rubber used to avoid the adverse phenomenon of butyl rubber overflow. Analysis of the causes of internal overflow and improvement suggestions

　　客戶(hù)要求因素分析按照中空玻璃的應(yīng)用屬性，丁基膠板壓后要適當(dāng)留白，＜1mm，確保中空玻璃丁基膠有一定的伸縮移動(dòng)空間。而家裝市場(chǎng)外觀質(zhì)量要求必須是壓滿(mǎn)鋁條不允許留白，不留任何丁基膠伸縮移變空間，所以中空玻璃上墻后會(huì)隨溫度、氣壓、風(fēng)荷載的變化而做呼吸運(yùn)動(dòng)，造成丁基膠形體超出間隔條不受控制而產(chǎn)生內(nèi)溢（圖2）。

　　Customer requirement factor analysis: According to the application properties of insulating glass, the butyl rubber plate should be appropriately left blank after compression, less than 1mm, to ensure that the butyl rubber of the insulating glass has a certain degree of expansion and movement space. The appearance quality requirements of the home decoration market must be that the aluminum strip is fully pressed without leaving any blank space, and there is no room for expansion or displacement of the butyl rubber. Therefore, after the insulating glass is installed on the wall, it will undergo breathing motion with changes in temperature, air pressure, and wind load, causing the butyl rubber to exceed the spacing strip and overflow uncontrollably (Figure 2).

　　生產(chǎn)因素分析依照國(guó)標(biāo)《中空玻璃》（GB/T 11944-2012）標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求，玻璃生產(chǎn)廠(chǎng)家主要是圍繞中空玻璃的密封性能進(jìn)行質(zhì)量控制。同時(shí)，通過(guò)丁基膠用量偏大，涂布偏上，角部折彎處用膠量偏多來(lái)避免中空玻璃鋁條不露白，忽略了后期貯存、包裝、運(yùn)輸、安裝、中空玻璃呼吸運(yùn)動(dòng)，造成的中空玻璃丁基膠內(nèi)溢問(wèn)題發(fā)生（圖2、圖3）。改善建議：

　　Production factor analysis: According to the requirements of the national standard "Hollow Glass" (GB/T 11944-2012), glass manufacturers mainly focus on quality control of the sealing performance of hollow glass. At the same time, by using too much butyl rubber, coating too high, and using too much glue at the corners and bends, the aluminum strip of the insulated glass is not exposed, ignoring the later storage, packaging, transportation, installation, and breathing movement of the insulated glass, which causes the problem of butyl rubber overflow in the insulated glass (Figure 2, Figure 3). Improvement suggestions:

　?。?）接單時(shí)要依據(jù)中空玻璃標(biāo)準(zhǔn)同客戶(hù)進(jìn)行溝通，避免發(fā)生問(wèn)題后產(chǎn)生投訴。

　　(1) When accepting orders, it is necessary to communicate with customers according to the standard of insulated glass to avoid complaints after problems occur.

　?。?）間隔條一般肩寬4.2～4.5mm，生產(chǎn)時(shí)丁基膠涂布寬度3～3.5mm，板壓后丁基膠寬度應(yīng)控制在4mm以?xún)?nèi)，腔體厚度要在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范圍之內(nèi)（例如：12A中空層，鋁條厚度是11.5mm，涂布丁基膠板壓后中空層厚度應(yīng)為12mm），適當(dāng)留白＜0.5～1mm，避免后期中空玻璃使用期間發(fā)生丁基膠內(nèi)溢。

　　(2) The shoulder width of the spacer strip is generally 4.2-4.5mm. During production, the width of the butyl rubber coating is 3-3.5mm. After the board is pressed, the width of the butyl rubber should be controlled within 4mm, and the thickness of the cavity should be within the standard range (for example: 12A hollow layer, the thickness of the aluminum strip is 11.5mm, and the thickness of the hollow layer after the butyl rubber coating is pressed should be 12mm). Leave appropriate blank space<0.5-1mm to avoid internal overflow of the butyl rubber during the later use of the insulated glass.

　?。?）丁基膠涂布應(yīng)均勻連續(xù)，角部接口處要將膠頭膠尾依據(jù)直邊厚度搭接連續(xù)完整，多余的丁基膠捏于折彎壓扁的鋁條背部，避免角部捏膠不連續(xù)造成中空玻璃密封失效，或角部丁基膠偏厚造成丁基膠內(nèi)溢。

　　(3) The application of butyl rubber should be uniform and continuous. At the corner interface, the rubber head and tail should be overlapped continuously and completely according to the thickness of the straight edge. The excess butyl rubber should be pinched on the back of the bent and flattened aluminum strip to avoid the failure of the hollow glass seal caused by discontinuous pinching at the corner, or the overflow of butyl rubber caused by excessive thickness at the corner.

　　貯存、包裝、運(yùn)輸因素分析貯存：成品后的中空玻璃外道膠尚未固化，落架大片壓小片、玻璃堆架不是90度等因素都會(huì)造成丁基膠局部?jī)?nèi)溢或中空玻璃錯(cuò)片。包裝：外道膠未固化之前打包帶過(guò)緊長(zhǎng)期擠壓，木箱包裝大壓小、墊片不均勻或墊片只墊在邊部、角部，均會(huì)造成丁基膠局部?jī)?nèi)溢（圖3）。運(yùn)輸：玻璃運(yùn)輸過(guò)程中，為了避免道路顛簸或急剎車(chē)造成玻璃架移動(dòng)的現(xiàn)象發(fā)生，往往固定繩過(guò)緊或固定繩單點(diǎn)壓玻璃也會(huì)造成丁基膠局部?jī)?nèi)溢。改善建議：

　　Analysis of Storage, Packaging, and Transportation Factors Storage: The outer layer adhesive of the finished insulated glass has not yet cured, and factors such as large pieces falling off the shelf and pressing small pieces, and glass stacking not at a 90 degree angle can cause local overflow of butyl rubber or misalignment of the insulated glass. Packaging: Before the outer layer of adhesive is cured, if the packaging tape is too tight and compressed for a long time, or if the wooden box packaging is compressed too much, the gasket is uneven, or the gasket is only placed at the edges and corners, it will cause local internal overflow of butyl rubber (Figure 3). Transportation: During the transportation of glass, in order to avoid the phenomenon of glass frame movement caused by road bumps or sudden braking, the fixing rope is often too tight or the fixing rope presses the glass at a single point, which can also cause local overflow of butyl rubber. Improvement suggestions:

　?。?）中空玻璃外道膠未固化之前落架應(yīng)采取先大后小的順序落架堆放，避免大壓小單點(diǎn)受力造成局部丁基膠內(nèi)溢；玻璃堆架一定要玻璃上下均勻受力堆放在夾角90°的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鐵架上，避免因角度不符使一片玻璃騰空造成玻璃錯(cuò)片產(chǎn)生的丁基膠移位內(nèi)溢。

　　(1) Before the outer layer of insulating glass adhesive is cured, it should be placed on the frame in the order of large to small to avoid local overflow of butyl adhesive caused by single point stress under high pressure; The glass stack must be evenly loaded on a standard iron frame with an angle of 90 °, to avoid displacement and overflow of butyl rubber caused by glass misalignment due to the misalignment of a piece of glass.

　?。?）外道膠未固化之前不能打包帶過(guò)緊或進(jìn)行木箱包裝，待外道膠徹底固化后方可進(jìn)行木箱包裝，包裝順序均要是先大后小的方式進(jìn)行；鐵架發(fā)貨的玻璃，盡量在裝車(chē)前打包，打包帶要避免單點(diǎn)受力，有條件的話(huà)可定制三角木板架打包，避免因打包帶過(guò)緊單點(diǎn)局部受力造成丁基膠局部?jī)?nèi)溢。

　　(2) Before the outer layer of glue is cured, it cannot be packed tightly or packed in wooden boxes. Wooden box packaging can only be carried out after the outer layer of glue is completely cured, and the packaging order should be from large to small; Glass shipped from iron frames should be packed as much as possible before loading, and the packing tape should avoid single point stress. If possible, a triangular wooden frame can be customized for packing to avoid local overflow of butyl rubber caused by tight packing tape and single point local stress.

　　（3）運(yùn)輸時(shí)盡量避免固定繩擠壓玻璃，當(dāng)遇到大玻璃運(yùn)輸固定繩壓玻璃時(shí)一定要采用長(zhǎng)度不小于300mm的三角木板架或三角鋼板架襯墊然后再拉緊固定繩；玻璃運(yùn)到目的地后如果長(zhǎng)時(shí)間不安裝，盡量把打包帶拆開(kāi)或放松，避免長(zhǎng)時(shí)間打包帶局部擠壓造成丁基膠內(nèi)溢。

　　(3) During transportation, try to avoid using fixed ropes to compress the glass. When encountering large glass transportation where the fixed ropes compress the glass, be sure to use triangular wooden or steel plate frames with a length of not less than 300mm to cushion and then tighten the fixed ropes; If the glass is not installed for a long time after being transported to the destination, try to open or loosen the packing tape as much as possible to avoid the overflow of butyl rubber caused by local compression of the packing tape for a long time.

　　安裝因素分析隱框幕墻安裝時(shí)，壓塊過(guò)緊，易造成中空玻璃在使用過(guò)程中丁基膠局部?jī)?nèi)溢和玻璃影像變形。門(mén)窗玻璃安裝時(shí)，不能為了防止玻璃顫動(dòng)，一味地強(qiáng)力夾緊玻璃，不預(yù)留物體熱脹空間，導(dǎo)致后期因受熱膨脹，丁基膠被擠壓變形而內(nèi)溢。改善建議：

　　Analysis of installation factors: When installing hidden frame curtain walls, if the pressure block is too tight, it can easily cause local overflow of butyl rubber and deformation of glass images during the use of insulated glass. When installing door and window glass, it is not advisable to forcefully clamp the glass without reserving space for thermal expansion in order to prevent glass vibration. This may cause the butyl rubber to be squeezed and deformed due to thermal expansion in the later stage, resulting in internal overflow. Improvement suggestions:

　　（1）安裝時(shí)，注意玻璃壓塊、窗框扣條、密封膠條的松緊度適中。

　　(1) During installation, pay attention to the moderate tightness of glass pressure blocks, window frame fasteners, and sealing strips.

　?。?）玻璃的板面大小、厚度要通過(guò)強(qiáng)度、撓度進(jìn)行專(zhuān)業(yè)計(jì)算，按照安全玻璃的設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范設(shè)計(jì)和生產(chǎn)，避免因玻璃板面過(guò)大、厚度偏薄而引起的中空影像變形或玻璃顫動(dòng)。

　　(2) The size and thickness of the glass surface should be professionally calculated based on strength and deflection, and designed and produced according to the design specifications of safety glass to avoid hollow image deformation or glass vibration caused by the glass surface being too large or too thin.

　　氣候、海拔高度因素分析

　　Analysis of Climate and Altitude Factors

　?。?）氣候溫度因素分析中空玻璃在日常使用過(guò)程中，由于受環(huán)境溫度變化的影響，會(huì)出現(xiàn)熱脹冷縮呼吸運(yùn)動(dòng)。在密閉的中空腔內(nèi)氣體在氣體分子數(shù)量不變的情況下，每一個(gè)氣體分子的體積會(huì)隨著溫度的變化產(chǎn)生膨脹或收縮。當(dāng)使用時(shí)的溫度高于生產(chǎn)時(shí)的溫度時(shí)，中空玻璃會(huì)產(chǎn)生膨脹，低于生產(chǎn)時(shí)的溫度時(shí)中空玻璃會(huì)產(chǎn)生收縮，在氣體膨脹或收縮時(shí)，玻璃片會(huì)產(chǎn)生向外或向內(nèi)的撓曲變形。用于內(nèi)道密封的丁基膠屬于永久塑性的柔性材料，而硬質(zhì)間隔條屬于剛性材料。當(dāng)中空玻璃不斷撓曲變形擠壓的作用下，丁基膠則會(huì)向腔體內(nèi)側(cè)蠕動(dòng)并產(chǎn)生剝離或內(nèi)溢（圖5）。

　　(1) Analysis of Climate and Temperature Factors: During daily use, insulated glass may experience thermal expansion, contraction, and breathing movements due to the influence of environmental temperature changes. In a closed hollow chamber, the volume of each gas molecule will expand or contract with temperature changes, while the number of gas molecules remains constant. When the temperature during use is higher than that during production, the insulating glass will expand, and when the temperature is lower than that during production, the insulating glass will shrink. During gas expansion or contraction, the glass sheet will undergo outward or inward bending deformation. The butyl rubber used for internal sealing is a permanent plastic flexible material, while the hard spacer strip is a rigid material. Under the continuous bending, deformation, and compression of the insulating glass, the butyl rubber will creep towards the inside of the cavity and peel off or overflow (Figure 5).

　?。?）風(fēng)荷載因素分析以尺寸為1.5m×2.4m，厚度為8mm+12A+8mm的鋼化中空玻璃為例，在50m標(biāo)高風(fēng)荷載作用下，玻璃撓度計(jì)算值為7.47mm，玻璃的形變明顯，對(duì)丁基膠產(chǎn)生擠壓作用，變形越大作用力越大，丁基膠內(nèi)溢越明顯。

　　(2) The analysis of wind load factors takes tempered insulating glass with a size of 1.5m × 2.4m and a thickness of 8mm+12A+8mm as an example. Under the action of wind load at an elevation of 50m, the calculated deflection of the glass is 7.47mm. The deformation of the glass is obvious, which exerts a squeezing effect on the butyl rubber. The larger the deformation, the greater the force, and the more obvious the overflow of the butyl rubber.

　　（3）海拔高度因素分析中空玻璃的生產(chǎn)地與使用地存在海拔差異，大氣壓力發(fā)生變化，中空腔內(nèi)外氣壓差造成中空玻璃腔體膨脹或收縮，亦會(huì)導(dǎo)致丁基膠內(nèi)溢（圖5）。綜上所述，造成丁基膠內(nèi)溢原因較多，生產(chǎn)、儲(chǔ)存、運(yùn)輸、安裝中均要特別注意。除可控因素外，中空玻璃丁基膠由于固有的永久塑性，按照中空玻璃密封結(jié)構(gòu)要求，丁基膠要具備永久塑性，其形體是不允許固定的，它必須要具備隨著中空玻璃的呼吸運(yùn)動(dòng)能拉伸和回彈，確保中空玻璃密封系統(tǒng)永久保持穩(wěn)定。如果中空玻璃生產(chǎn)時(shí)控制不好丁基膠用量或板壓后不適當(dāng)留白、中空層腔體厚度不標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，包裝、運(yùn)輸、安裝擠壓過(guò)緊，中空玻璃使用過(guò)程中在高溫、高壓作用下，均會(huì)隨著玻璃的運(yùn)動(dòng)產(chǎn)生丁基膠向中空層腔體內(nèi)蠕動(dòng)，導(dǎo)致中空玻璃丁基膠內(nèi)溢的現(xiàn)象發(fā)生。解決中空玻璃丁基膠內(nèi)溢的方案丁基膠內(nèi)溢問(wèn)題，雖屬于正?，F(xiàn)象，但也是行業(yè)痛點(diǎn)及投訴焦點(diǎn)。各原材料廠(chǎng)家和科研機(jī)構(gòu)，為了滿(mǎn)足客戶(hù)不斷對(duì)高質(zhì)量產(chǎn)品的要求，一直致力于研發(fā)新的防內(nèi)溢結(jié)構(gòu)丁基膠和復(fù)合材料產(chǎn)品。

　　(3) Analysis of altitude factors: There is a difference in altitude between the production and use areas of insulated glass, and atmospheric pressure changes. The pressure difference between the inside and outside of the hollow cavity causes expansion or contraction of the insulated glass cavity, which can also lead to overflow of butyl rubber (Figure 5). In summary, there are many reasons for the overflow of butyl rubber, and special attention should be paid to production, storage, transportation, and installation. In addition to controllable factors, due to its inherent permanent plasticity, butyl rubber for insulating glass must have permanent plasticity according to the requirements of the sealing structure of insulating glass. Its shape is not allowed to be fixed, and it must have the ability to stretch and rebound with the breathing movement of the insulating glass to ensure that the sealing system of the insulating glass remains stable permanently. If the amount of butyl rubber used in the production of insulated glass is not controlled properly or the blank space is not properly left after board pressing, the thickness of the hollow layer cavity is not standardized, and the packaging, transportation, and installation are compressed too tightly, during the use of insulated glass under high temperature and high pressure, butyl rubber will creep into the hollow layer cavity with the movement of the glass, resulting in the phenomenon of butyl rubber overflowing inside the insulated glass. The solution to the problem of butyl rubber overflow in insulated glass is a normal phenomenon, but it is also a pain point and complaint focus in the industry. Various raw material manufacturers and research institutions have been committed to developing new anti overflow structural butyl rubber and composite material products to meet customers' continuous demands for high-quality products.

　　丁基膠內(nèi)溢與丁基膠永久塑性相關(guān)，所以只有改變傳統(tǒng)丁基膠+剛性間隔條的密封方式，才能從源頭上解決丁基膠內(nèi)溢的問(wèn)題。熱塑性間隔密封膠（Thermo Plastic Spacing Sealant），簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)TPSS，是以多種聚合物為基材，含有干燥劑等材料制成的，經(jīng)加熱擠出涂覆成型，具有間隔支撐、干燥、化學(xué)交聯(lián)等功能。玻璃通過(guò)清洗→涂覆成型→充氣合片→板壓→注膠等工序即可完成整個(gè)中空玻璃的成品生產(chǎn)。間隔條寬窄可隨機(jī)自動(dòng)調(diào)整，生產(chǎn)異形、挖缺、點(diǎn)玻均可自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)，無(wú)需人員參與，大大降低了人為出錯(cuò)的幾率，產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量一致性非常穩(wěn)定。它替代了普通中空玻璃的丁基膠+剛性間隔條+分子篩（圖6）。

　　The overflow of butyl rubber is related to the permanent plasticity of butyl rubber, so only by changing the traditional sealing method of butyl rubber+rigid spacer strip can the problem of butyl rubber overflow be solved from the source. Thermo Plastic Spacing Sealant, abbreviated as TPSS, is made of various polymers as substrates, containing desiccants and other materials. It is formed by heating, extrusion coating, and has functions such as spacing support, drying, and chemical cross-linking. The production of the entire insulated glass product can be completed through processes such as cleaning, coating and forming, inflating and laminating, plate pressing, and glue injection. The width of the spacing strip can be randomly and automatically adjusted, and the production of irregular shapes, defects, and point glass can be automated without the need for personnel participation, greatly reducing the probability of human errors and ensuring stable product quality consistency. It replaces the butyl rubber+rigid spacer strip+molecular sieve of ordinary insulating glass (Figure 6).

　　反應(yīng)型熱塑間隔密封膠TPSS-R是間隔支撐、干燥、密封融為一體的新型中空材料，具有硬質(zhì)間隔條的支撐功能，還具有干燥劑的水分吸附能力，水蒸氣透過(guò)率[g（/m2·d）]≤0.5。同時(shí)，它還具有化學(xué)交聯(lián)功能，能夠與玻璃、外道膠產(chǎn)生三面化學(xué)交聯(lián)，形成一個(gè)相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的中空玻璃結(jié)構(gòu)密封系統(tǒng)，阻擋腔體內(nèi)氬氣泄漏和外部水氣滲入。選用合適兼容、交聯(lián)的外道膠，就能夠確保中空玻璃整個(gè)密封系統(tǒng)的長(zhǎng)效密封。

　　Reactive thermoplastic spacer sealant TPSS-R is a new type of hollow material that integrates spacer support, drying, and sealing. It has the support function of hard spacer strips and the moisture adsorption ability of desiccants. The water vapor transmission rate [g (/m2 · d)] is ≤ 0.5. At the same time, it also has chemical cross-linking function, which can produce three sided chemical cross-linking with glass and outer adhesive, forming a relatively stable hollow glass structure sealing system, blocking the leakage of argon gas inside the cavity and the infiltration of external water vapor. By selecting a suitable compatible and cross-linked outer layer adhesive, the long-term sealing of the entire sealing system of the insulated glass can be ensured.

　　反應(yīng)型熱塑間隔密封膠（TPSS-R）與玻璃和外道密封膠形成交聯(lián)反應(yīng)，化學(xué)黏接，邊部形成了一個(gè)彈性整體（圖7、圖8）。

　　Reactive thermoplastic spacer sealant (TPSS-R) forms a cross-linking reaction with glass and outer sealant, chemically bonding and forming an elastic whole at the edges (Figure 7, Figure 8).

　　反應(yīng)型熱塑間隔密封膠TPSS-R間隔條整體會(huì)隨腔體內(nèi)氣體熱脹冷縮而膨脹和收縮，徹底從源頭根除了因中空玻璃呼吸運(yùn)動(dòng)而產(chǎn)生的丁基膠內(nèi)溢現(xiàn)象。

　　The reactive thermoplastic spacer sealant TPSS-R spacer strip will expand and contract as a whole with the thermal expansion and contraction of the gas inside the cavity, completely eliminating the phenomenon of butyl rubber overflow caused by the breathing movement of the insulating glass from the source.

　　反應(yīng)型熱塑間隔密封膠（TPSS-R），不存在內(nèi)溢及撕裂等情況，在化學(xué)黏結(jié)的作用下，本體以及黏結(jié)面不存在漏氣通道，中空玻璃的密封性能更強(qiáng)、更持久，產(chǎn)品使用壽命可高達(dá)25年以上，高于中空玻璃國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定的至少15年，滿(mǎn)足現(xiàn)今對(duì)于材料與建筑物同周期的追求，也是目前徹底根除丁基膠防內(nèi)溢的有效方法。

　　Reactive thermoplastic spacer sealant (TPSS-R) has no internal overflow or tearing, and under the action of chemical bonding, there is no air leakage channel on the body and bonding surface. The sealing performance of insulated glass is stronger and more durable, and the product service life can reach more than 25 years, which is at least 15 years higher than the national standard for insulated glass. It meets the current pursuit of materials and buildings with the same cycle, and is also an effective method to completely eliminate the internal overflow of butyl rubber.

　　本文由 中空玻璃生產(chǎn)線(xiàn)  友情奉獻(xiàn).更多有關(guān)的知識(shí)請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊  http://ruiyingjituan.com/   真誠(chéng)的態(tài)度.為您提供為全面的服務(wù).更多有關(guān)的知識(shí)我們將會(huì)陸續(xù)向大家奉獻(xiàn).敬請(qǐng)期待.

　　This article is a friendly contribution from the insulating glass production line For more related knowledge, please click http://ruiyingjituan.com/ Sincere attitude To provide you with comprehensive services We will gradually contribute more relevant knowledge to everyone Coming soon.引言近年來(lái)，隨著房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)的深度調(diào)整，建筑玻璃深加工企業(yè)向家裝定制化門(mén)窗用玻璃轉(zhuǎn)型。由于家裝系統(tǒng)門(mén)窗或定制化門(mén)窗產(chǎn)品屬于個(gè)人定制產(chǎn)品，相關(guān)配套的產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)被終端用戶(hù)所忽略，超標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的零缺陷質(zhì)量要求越來(lái)越高，超越產(chǎn)品屬性的要求相對(duì)較多，中空玻璃丁基膠內(nèi)溢也逐漸成為新增的投訴熱點(diǎn)。要解決中空玻璃丁基膠內(nèi)溢的問(wèn)題，首先要對(duì)中空玻璃丁基膠內(nèi)溢的典型案例進(jìn)行剖析，了解造成中空玻璃丁基膠內(nèi)溢的根源，從生產(chǎn)、貯存、運(yùn)輸、安裝、使用維護(hù)等環(huán)節(jié)找到解決問(wèn)題的辦法，從而減少或杜絕中空玻璃丁基膠內(nèi)溢的發(fā)生。中空玻璃的密封結(jié)構(gòu)中空玻璃的結(jié)構(gòu)是由兩片或多片玻璃、間隔條、干燥劑、丁基熱熔密封膠、外道密封膠組合到一體，形成一個(gè)完整的中空玻璃結(jié)構(gòu)密封系統(tǒng)。玻璃為主材，間隔條、干燥劑、丁基膠、外道膠為輔材。

　　Introduction: In recent years, with the deep adjustment of the real estate market, architectural glass deep processing enterprises have transformed towards customized glass for home decoration doors and windows. Due to the fact that home decoration system doors and windows or customized door and window products belong to individual customized products, the related supporting product standards are ignored by end users. The zero defect quality requirements beyond the standards are becoming increasingly high, and there are relatively more requirements beyond product attributes. The overflow of butyl rubber in insulated glass has gradually become a new complaint hotspot. To solve the problem of butyl rubber overflow in insulating glass, it is necessary to first analyze typical cases of butyl rubber overflow in insulating glass, understand the root causes of butyl rubber overflow in insulating glass, and find solutions from production, storage, transportation, installation, use and maintenance to reduce or eliminate the occurrence of butyl rubber overflow in insulating glass. The sealing structure of insulating glass is composed of two or more pieces of glass, spacer strips, desiccants, butyl hot melt sealant, and outer sealant combined into one, forming a complete sealing system for the insulating glass structure. Glass is the main material, with spacer strips, desiccants, butyl rubber, and outer adhesive as auxiliary materials.

　　這些材料在中空玻璃制造應(yīng)用過(guò)程中分別承擔(dān)著不同的功能作用，間隔條使得兩片玻璃之間中空腔體厚度保持一致性；干燥劑吸附著中空玻璃日常應(yīng)用過(guò)程中滲入腔體內(nèi)的濕氣，確保腔體內(nèi)的空氣長(zhǎng)期干燥；丁基熱熔密封膠是中空玻璃密封最佳的第一道密封膠，水蒸氣透過(guò)率[g（/m2·d）]≤0.8，因此，丁基熱熔密封膠在中空玻璃密封結(jié)構(gòu)中起到密封作用；外道密封膠，俗稱(chēng)二道膠，其主要功能是中空玻璃的結(jié)構(gòu)固定膠，協(xié)助第一道密封膠阻擋水氣滲入。但由于自身分子結(jié)構(gòu)的不同，產(chǎn)品層次不同，二道密封膠水蒸氣透過(guò)率[g（/ m2·d）]在3～25之間，第二道膠在中空玻璃服役運(yùn)行過(guò)程中起到密封結(jié)構(gòu)的固定作用。

　　These materials play different functional roles in the manufacturing and application of insulating glass, and the spacer strip ensures consistency in the thickness of the hollow cavity between the two glass sheets; Desiccant absorbs moisture that seeps into the cavity of insulated glass during daily use, ensuring that the air inside the cavity remains dry for a long time; Butyl hot melt sealant is the best first sealant for sealing insulating glass, with a water vapor transmission rate [g (/m2 · d)] ≤ 0.8. Therefore, butyl hot melt sealant plays a sealing role in the sealing structure of insulating glass; External sealant, commonly known as secondary sealant, is mainly used as a structural fixing adhesive for insulated glass, assisting the first sealant in blocking the infiltration of moisture. However, due to the different molecular structures and product levels, the vapor transmission rate [g (/m2 · d)] of the second sealing adhesive is between 3 and 25. The second adhesive plays a role in fixing the sealing structure during the service and operation of the insulating glass.

　　熱熔丁基密封膠熱熔丁基密封膠是以聚異丁烯、丁基橡膠配以少量的輔料，經(jīng)過(guò)高溫、捏合、真空攪拌而制成。丁基膠在中空玻璃的主要起到密封的作用，具有阻擋水汽滲透、惰性氣體泄漏的能力（年水汽滲透率：0.5～1g），在密封膠當(dāng)中是一款密封性能良好的產(chǎn)品。中空玻璃使用過(guò)程中其形體不允許固定，在中空玻璃有效使用期內(nèi)丁基膠必須具備因環(huán)境溫度、氣壓、風(fēng)荷載變化時(shí)中空玻璃熱脹冷縮呼吸運(yùn)動(dòng)的拉伸和回彈，確保中空玻璃腔體的連續(xù)不間斷密封。因此，根據(jù)要求它必須具有永久塑性和優(yōu)良的耐候性。熱熔丁基密封膠內(nèi)溢典型案例近年來(lái)，隨著新建公共建筑的大面積縮水，既有建筑改造定制門(mén)窗、系統(tǒng)門(mén)窗的應(yīng)用逐漸增多，系統(tǒng)門(mén)窗、定制化門(mén)窗對(duì)中空玻璃的外觀質(zhì)量也要求越來(lái)越高，甚至超標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的零缺陷質(zhì)量要求。定制門(mén)窗用玻璃產(chǎn)品的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不被引用，玻璃板面無(wú)限增大，中空腔體大到30mm以上，丁基膠用量減少到3g/延米雙邊，忽略了腔體厚度的節(jié)能效果和密封性能，一味地追求外觀質(zhì)量，造成以減少丁基膠用量來(lái)避免丁基膠內(nèi)溢的不良現(xiàn)象。內(nèi)溢原因分析及改善建議

　　Hot melt butyl sealant is made by mixing polyisobutene and butyl rubber with a small amount of auxiliary materials, and then subjecting them to high temperature, kneading, and vacuum stirring. Butyl rubber mainly plays a sealing role in insulating glass, with the ability to block water vapor penetration and inert gas leakage (annual water vapor permeability: 0.5-1g). It is a product with good sealing performance among sealants. During the use of insulated glass, its shape is not allowed to be fixed. During the effective use period of insulated glass, butyl rubber must have the ability to stretch and rebound due to changes in environmental temperature, air pressure, and wind load, ensuring continuous and uninterrupted sealing of the insulated glass cavity. Therefore, according to the requirements, it must have permanent plasticity and excellent weather resistance. In recent years, with the large-scale shrinkage of newly built public buildings, the application of customized doors and windows and system doors and windows for building renovation has gradually increased. The appearance quality of insulated glass for system doors and windows and customized doors and windows is also increasingly required, even exceeding the standard zero defect quality requirement. The standard for customized glass products for doors and windows is not referenced. The glass surface is infinitely enlarged, and the hollow cavity is larger than 30mm. The amount of butyl rubber used is reduced to 3g/linear meter on both sides, ignoring the energy-saving effect and sealing performance of the cavity thickness. The blind pursuit of appearance quality results in reducing the amount of butyl rubber used to avoid the adverse phenomenon of butyl rubber overflow. Analysis of the causes of internal overflow and improvement suggestions

　　客戶(hù)要求因素分析按照中空玻璃的應(yīng)用屬性，丁基膠板壓后要適當(dāng)留白，＜1mm，確保中空玻璃丁基膠有一定的伸縮移動(dòng)空間。而家裝市場(chǎng)外觀質(zhì)量要求必須是壓滿(mǎn)鋁條不允許留白，不留任何丁基膠伸縮移變空間，所以中空玻璃上墻后會(huì)隨溫度、氣壓、風(fēng)荷載的變化而做呼吸運(yùn)動(dòng)，造成丁基膠形體超出間隔條不受控制而產(chǎn)生內(nèi)溢（圖2）。

　　Customer requirement factor analysis: According to the application properties of insulating glass, the butyl rubber plate should be appropriately left blank after compression, less than 1mm, to ensure that the butyl rubber of the insulating glass has a certain degree of expansion and movement space. The appearance quality requirements of the home decoration market must be that the aluminum strip is fully pressed without leaving any blank space, and there is no room for expansion or displacement of the butyl rubber. Therefore, after the insulating glass is installed on the wall, it will undergo breathing motion with changes in temperature, air pressure, and wind load, causing the butyl rubber to exceed the spacing strip and overflow uncontrollably (Figure 2).

　　生產(chǎn)因素分析依照國(guó)標(biāo)《中空玻璃》（GB/T 11944-2012）標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求，玻璃生產(chǎn)廠(chǎng)家主要是圍繞中空玻璃的密封性能進(jìn)行質(zhì)量控制。同時(shí)，通過(guò)丁基膠用量偏大，涂布偏上，角部折彎處用膠量偏多來(lái)避免中空玻璃鋁條不露白，忽略了后期貯存、包裝、運(yùn)輸、安裝、中空玻璃呼吸運(yùn)動(dòng)，造成的中空玻璃丁基膠內(nèi)溢問(wèn)題發(fā)生（圖2、圖3）。改善建議：

　　Production factor analysis: According to the requirements of the national standard "Hollow Glass" (GB/T 11944-2012), glass manufacturers mainly focus on quality control of the sealing performance of hollow glass. At the same time, by using too much butyl rubber, coating too high, and using too much glue at the corners and bends, the aluminum strip of the insulated glass is not exposed, ignoring the later storage, packaging, transportation, installation, and breathing movement of the insulated glass, which causes the problem of butyl rubber overflow in the insulated glass (Figure 2, Figure 3). Improvement suggestions:

　　（1）接單時(shí)要依據(jù)中空玻璃標(biāo)準(zhǔn)同客戶(hù)進(jìn)行溝通，避免發(fā)生問(wèn)題后產(chǎn)生投訴。

　　(1) When accepting orders, it is necessary to communicate with customers according to the standard of insulated glass to avoid complaints after problems occur.

　　（2）間隔條一般肩寬4.2～4.5mm，生產(chǎn)時(shí)丁基膠涂布寬度3～3.5mm，板壓后丁基膠寬度應(yīng)控制在4mm以?xún)?nèi)，腔體厚度要在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范圍之內(nèi)（例如：12A中空層，鋁條厚度是11.5mm，涂布丁基膠板壓后中空層厚度應(yīng)為12mm），適當(dāng)留白＜0.5～1mm，避免后期中空玻璃使用期間發(fā)生丁基膠內(nèi)溢。

　　(2) The shoulder width of the spacer strip is generally 4.2-4.5mm. During production, the width of the butyl rubber coating is 3-3.5mm. After the board is pressed, the width of the butyl rubber should be controlled within 4mm, and the thickness of the cavity should be within the standard range (for example: 12A hollow layer, the thickness of the aluminum strip is 11.5mm, and the thickness of the hollow layer after the butyl rubber coating is pressed should be 12mm). Leave appropriate blank space<0.5-1mm to avoid internal overflow of the butyl rubber during the later use of the insulated glass.

　　（3）丁基膠涂布應(yīng)均勻連續(xù)，角部接口處要將膠頭膠尾依據(jù)直邊厚度搭接連續(xù)完整，多余的丁基膠捏于折彎壓扁的鋁條背部，避免角部捏膠不連續(xù)造成中空玻璃密封失效，或角部丁基膠偏厚造成丁基膠內(nèi)溢。

　　(3) The application of butyl rubber should be uniform and continuous. At the corner interface, the rubber head and tail should be overlapped continuously and completely according to the thickness of the straight edge. The excess butyl rubber should be pinched on the back of the bent and flattened aluminum strip to avoid the failure of the hollow glass seal caused by discontinuous pinching at the corner, or the overflow of butyl rubber caused by excessive thickness at the corner.

　　貯存、包裝、運(yùn)輸因素分析貯存：成品后的中空玻璃外道膠尚未固化，落架大片壓小片、玻璃堆架不是90度等因素都會(huì)造成丁基膠局部?jī)?nèi)溢或中空玻璃錯(cuò)片。包裝：外道膠未固化之前打包帶過(guò)緊長(zhǎng)期擠壓，木箱包裝大壓小、墊片不均勻或墊片只墊在邊部、角部，均會(huì)造成丁基膠局部?jī)?nèi)溢（圖3）。運(yùn)輸：玻璃運(yùn)輸過(guò)程中，為了避免道路顛簸或急剎車(chē)造成玻璃架移動(dòng)的現(xiàn)象發(fā)生，往往固定繩過(guò)緊或固定繩單點(diǎn)壓玻璃也會(huì)造成丁基膠局部?jī)?nèi)溢。改善建議：

　　Analysis of Storage, Packaging, and Transportation Factors Storage: The outer layer adhesive of the finished insulated glass has not yet cured, and factors such as large pieces falling off the shelf and pressing small pieces, and glass stacking not at a 90 degree angle can cause local overflow of butyl rubber or misalignment of the insulated glass. Packaging: Before the outer layer of adhesive is cured, if the packaging tape is too tight and compressed for a long time, or if the wooden box packaging is compressed too much, the gasket is uneven, or the gasket is only placed at the edges and corners, it will cause local internal overflow of butyl rubber (Figure 3). Transportation: During the transportation of glass, in order to avoid the phenomenon of glass frame movement caused by road bumps or sudden braking, the fixing rope is often too tight or the fixing rope presses the glass at a single point, which can also cause local overflow of butyl rubber. Improvement suggestions:

　　（1）中空玻璃外道膠未固化之前落架應(yīng)采取先大后小的順序落架堆放，避免大壓小單點(diǎn)受力造成局部丁基膠內(nèi)溢；玻璃堆架一定要玻璃上下均勻受力堆放在夾角90°的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鐵架上，避免因角度不符使一片玻璃騰空造成玻璃錯(cuò)片產(chǎn)生的丁基膠移位內(nèi)溢。

　　(1) Before the outer layer of insulating glass adhesive is cured, it should be placed on the frame in the order of large to small to avoid local overflow of butyl adhesive caused by single point stress under high pressure; The glass stack must be evenly loaded on a standard iron frame with an angle of 90 °, to avoid displacement and overflow of butyl rubber caused by glass misalignment due to the misalignment of a piece of glass.

　　（2）外道膠未固化之前不能打包帶過(guò)緊或進(jìn)行木箱包裝，待外道膠徹底固化后方可進(jìn)行木箱包裝，包裝順序均要是先大后小的方式進(jìn)行；鐵架發(fā)貨的玻璃，盡量在裝車(chē)前打包，打包帶要避免單點(diǎn)受力，有條件的話(huà)可定制三角木板架打包，避免因打包帶過(guò)緊單點(diǎn)局部受力造成丁基膠局部?jī)?nèi)溢。

　　(2) Before the outer layer of glue is cured, it cannot be packed tightly or packed in wooden boxes. Wooden box packaging can only be carried out after the outer layer of glue is completely cured, and the packaging order should be from large to small; Glass shipped from iron frames should be packed as much as possible before loading, and the packing tape should avoid single point stress. If possible, a triangular wooden frame can be customized for packing to avoid local overflow of butyl rubber caused by tight packing tape and single point local stress.

　?。?）運(yùn)輸時(shí)盡量避免固定繩擠壓玻璃，當(dāng)遇到大玻璃運(yùn)輸固定繩壓玻璃時(shí)一定要采用長(zhǎng)度不小于300mm的三角木板架或三角鋼板架襯墊然后再拉緊固定繩；玻璃運(yùn)到目的地后如果長(zhǎng)時(shí)間不安裝，盡量把打包帶拆開(kāi)或放松，避免長(zhǎng)時(shí)間打包帶局部擠壓造成丁基膠內(nèi)溢。

　　(3) During transportation, try to avoid using fixed ropes to compress the glass. When encountering large glass transportation where the fixed ropes compress the glass, be sure to use triangular wooden or steel plate frames with a length of not less than 300mm to cushion and then tighten the fixed ropes; If the glass is not installed for a long time after being transported to the destination, try to open or loosen the packing tape as much as possible to avoid the overflow of butyl rubber caused by local compression of the packing tape for a long time.

　　安裝因素分析隱框幕墻安裝時(shí)，壓塊過(guò)緊，易造成中空玻璃在使用過(guò)程中丁基膠局部?jī)?nèi)溢和玻璃影像變形。門(mén)窗玻璃安裝時(shí)，不能為了防止玻璃顫動(dòng)，一味地強(qiáng)力夾緊玻璃，不預(yù)留物體熱脹空間，導(dǎo)致后期因受熱膨脹，丁基膠被擠壓變形而內(nèi)溢。改善建議：

　　Analysis of installation factors: When installing hidden frame curtain walls, if the pressure block is too tight, it can easily cause local overflow of butyl rubber and deformation of glass images during the use of insulated glass. When installing door and window glass, it is not advisable to forcefully clamp the glass without reserving space for thermal expansion in order to prevent glass vibration. This may cause the butyl rubber to be squeezed and deformed due to thermal expansion in the later stage, resulting in internal overflow. Improvement suggestions:

　?。?）安裝時(shí)，注意玻璃壓塊、窗框扣條、密封膠條的松緊度適中。

　　(1) During installation, pay attention to the moderate tightness of glass pressure blocks, window frame fasteners, and sealing strips.

　?。?）玻璃的板面大小、厚度要通過(guò)強(qiáng)度、撓度進(jìn)行專(zhuān)業(yè)計(jì)算，按照安全玻璃的設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范設(shè)計(jì)和生產(chǎn)，避免因玻璃板面過(guò)大、厚度偏薄而引起的中空影像變形或玻璃顫動(dòng)。

　　(2) The size and thickness of the glass surface should be professionally calculated based on strength and deflection, and designed and produced according to the design specifications of safety glass to avoid hollow image deformation or glass vibration caused by the glass surface being too large or too thin.

　　氣候、海拔高度因素分析

　　Analysis of Climate and Altitude Factors

　　（1）氣候溫度因素分析中空玻璃在日常使用過(guò)程中，由于受環(huán)境溫度變化的影響，會(huì)出現(xiàn)熱脹冷縮呼吸運(yùn)動(dòng)。在密閉的中空腔內(nèi)氣體在氣體分子數(shù)量不變的情況下，每一個(gè)氣體分子的體積會(huì)隨著溫度的變化產(chǎn)生膨脹或收縮。當(dāng)使用時(shí)的溫度高于生產(chǎn)時(shí)的溫度時(shí)，中空玻璃會(huì)產(chǎn)生膨脹，低于生產(chǎn)時(shí)的溫度時(shí)中空玻璃會(huì)產(chǎn)生收縮，在氣體膨脹或收縮時(shí)，玻璃片會(huì)產(chǎn)生向外或向內(nèi)的撓曲變形。用于內(nèi)道密封的丁基膠屬于永久塑性的柔性材料，而硬質(zhì)間隔條屬于剛性材料。當(dāng)中空玻璃不斷撓曲變形擠壓的作用下，丁基膠則會(huì)向腔體內(nèi)側(cè)蠕動(dòng)并產(chǎn)生剝離或內(nèi)溢（圖5）。

　　(1) Analysis of Climate and Temperature Factors: During daily use, insulated glass may experience thermal expansion, contraction, and breathing movements due to the influence of environmental temperature changes. In a closed hollow chamber, the volume of each gas molecule will expand or contract with temperature changes, while the number of gas molecules remains constant. When the temperature during use is higher than that during production, the insulating glass will expand, and when the temperature is lower than that during production, the insulating glass will shrink. During gas expansion or contraction, the glass sheet will undergo outward or inward bending deformation. The butyl rubber used for internal sealing is a permanent plastic flexible material, while the hard spacer strip is a rigid material. Under the continuous bending, deformation, and compression of the insulating glass, the butyl rubber will creep towards the inside of the cavity and peel off or overflow (Figure 5).

　?。?）風(fēng)荷載因素分析以尺寸為1.5m×2.4m，厚度為8mm+12A+8mm的鋼化中空玻璃為例，在50m標(biāo)高風(fēng)荷載作用下，玻璃撓度計(jì)算值為7.47mm，玻璃的形變明顯，對(duì)丁基膠產(chǎn)生擠壓作用，變形越大作用力越大，丁基膠內(nèi)溢越明顯。

　　(2) The analysis of wind load factors takes tempered insulating glass with a size of 1.5m × 2.4m and a thickness of 8mm+12A+8mm as an example. Under the action of wind load at an elevation of 50m, the calculated deflection of the glass is 7.47mm. The deformation of the glass is obvious, which exerts a squeezing effect on the butyl rubber. The larger the deformation, the greater the force, and the more obvious the overflow of the butyl rubber.

　?。?）海拔高度因素分析中空玻璃的生產(chǎn)地與使用地存在海拔差異，大氣壓力發(fā)生變化，中空腔內(nèi)外氣壓差造成中空玻璃腔體膨脹或收縮，亦會(huì)導(dǎo)致丁基膠內(nèi)溢（圖5）。綜上所述，造成丁基膠內(nèi)溢原因較多，生產(chǎn)、儲(chǔ)存、運(yùn)輸、安裝中均要特別注意。除可控因素外，中空玻璃丁基膠由于固有的永久塑性，按照中空玻璃密封結(jié)構(gòu)要求，丁基膠要具備永久塑性，其形體是不允許固定的，它必須要具備隨著中空玻璃的呼吸運(yùn)動(dòng)能拉伸和回彈，確保中空玻璃密封系統(tǒng)永久保持穩(wěn)定。如果中空玻璃生產(chǎn)時(shí)控制不好丁基膠用量或板壓后不適當(dāng)留白、中空層腔體厚度不標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，包裝、運(yùn)輸、安裝擠壓過(guò)緊，中空玻璃使用過(guò)程中在高溫、高壓作用下，均會(huì)隨著玻璃的運(yùn)動(dòng)產(chǎn)生丁基膠向中空層腔體內(nèi)蠕動(dòng)，導(dǎo)致中空玻璃丁基膠內(nèi)溢的現(xiàn)象發(fā)生。解決中空玻璃丁基膠內(nèi)溢的方案丁基膠內(nèi)溢問(wèn)題，雖屬于正?，F(xiàn)象，但也是行業(yè)痛點(diǎn)及投訴焦點(diǎn)。各原材料廠(chǎng)家和科研機(jī)構(gòu)，為了滿(mǎn)足客戶(hù)不斷對(duì)高質(zhì)量產(chǎn)品的要求，一直致力于研發(fā)新的防內(nèi)溢結(jié)構(gòu)丁基膠和復(fù)合材料產(chǎn)品。

　　(3) Analysis of altitude factors: There is a difference in altitude between the production and use areas of insulated glass, and atmospheric pressure changes. The pressure difference between the inside and outside of the hollow cavity causes expansion or contraction of the insulated glass cavity, which can also lead to overflow of butyl rubber (Figure 5). In summary, there are many reasons for the overflow of butyl rubber, and special attention should be paid to production, storage, transportation, and installation. In addition to controllable factors, due to its inherent permanent plasticity, butyl rubber for insulating glass must have permanent plasticity according to the requirements of the sealing structure of insulating glass. Its shape is not allowed to be fixed, and it must have the ability to stretch and rebound with the breathing movement of the insulating glass to ensure that the sealing system of the insulating glass remains stable permanently. If the amount of butyl rubber used in the production of insulated glass is not controlled properly or the blank space is not properly left after board pressing, the thickness of the hollow layer cavity is not standardized, and the packaging, transportation, and installation are compressed too tightly, during the use of insulated glass under high temperature and high pressure, butyl rubber will creep into the hollow layer cavity with the movement of the glass, resulting in the phenomenon of butyl rubber overflowing inside the insulated glass. The solution to the problem of butyl rubber overflow in insulated glass is a normal phenomenon, but it is also a pain point and complaint focus in the industry. Various raw material manufacturers and research institutions have been committed to developing new anti overflow structural butyl rubber and composite material products to meet customers' continuous demands for high-quality products.

　　丁基膠內(nèi)溢與丁基膠永久塑性相關(guān)，所以只有改變傳統(tǒng)丁基膠+剛性間隔條的密封方式，才能從源頭上解決丁基膠內(nèi)溢的問(wèn)題。熱塑性間隔密封膠（Thermo Plastic Spacing Sealant），簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)TPSS，是以多種聚合物為基材，含有干燥劑等材料制成的，經(jīng)加熱擠出涂覆成型，具有間隔支撐、干燥、化學(xué)交聯(lián)等功能。玻璃通過(guò)清洗→涂覆成型→充氣合片→板壓→注膠等工序即可完成整個(gè)中空玻璃的成品生產(chǎn)。間隔條寬窄可隨機(jī)自動(dòng)調(diào)整，生產(chǎn)異形、挖缺、點(diǎn)玻均可自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)，無(wú)需人員參與，大大降低了人為出錯(cuò)的幾率，產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量一致性非常穩(wěn)定。它替代了普通中空玻璃的丁基膠+剛性間隔條+分子篩（圖6）。

　　The overflow of butyl rubber is related to the permanent plasticity of butyl rubber, so only by changing the traditional sealing method of butyl rubber+rigid spacer strip can the problem of butyl rubber overflow be solved from the source. Thermo Plastic Spacing Sealant, abbreviated as TPSS, is made of various polymers as substrates, containing desiccants and other materials. It is formed by heating, extrusion coating, and has functions such as spacing support, drying, and chemical cross-linking. The production of the entire insulated glass product can be completed through processes such as cleaning, coating and forming, inflating and laminating, plate pressing, and glue injection. The width of the spacing strip can be randomly and automatically adjusted, and the production of irregular shapes, defects, and point glass can be automated without the need for personnel participation, greatly reducing the probability of human errors and ensuring stable product quality consistency. It replaces the butyl rubber+rigid spacer strip+molecular sieve of ordinary insulating glass (Figure 6).

　　反應(yīng)型熱塑間隔密封膠TPSS-R是間隔支撐、干燥、密封融為一體的新型中空材料，具有硬質(zhì)間隔條的支撐功能，還具有干燥劑的水分吸附能力，水蒸氣透過(guò)率[g（/m2·d）]≤0.5。同時(shí)，它還具有化學(xué)交聯(lián)功能，能夠與玻璃、外道膠產(chǎn)生三面化學(xué)交聯(lián)，形成一個(gè)相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的中空玻璃結(jié)構(gòu)密封系統(tǒng)，阻擋腔體內(nèi)氬氣泄漏和外部水氣滲入。選用合適兼容、交聯(lián)的外道膠，就能夠確保中空玻璃整個(gè)密封系統(tǒng)的長(zhǎng)效密封。

　　Reactive thermoplastic spacer sealant TPSS-R is a new type of hollow material that integrates spacer support, drying, and sealing. It has the support function of hard spacer strips and the moisture adsorption ability of desiccants. The water vapor transmission rate [g (/m2 · d)] is ≤ 0.5. At the same time, it also has chemical cross-linking function, which can produce three sided chemical cross-linking with glass and outer adhesive, forming a relatively stable hollow glass structure sealing system, blocking the leakage of argon gas inside the cavity and the infiltration of external water vapor. By selecting a suitable compatible and cross-linked outer layer adhesive, the long-term sealing of the entire sealing system of the insulated glass can be ensured.

　　反應(yīng)型熱塑間隔密封膠（TPSS-R）與玻璃和外道密封膠形成交聯(lián)反應(yīng)，化學(xué)黏接，邊部形成了一個(gè)彈性整體（圖7、圖8）。

　　Reactive thermoplastic spacer sealant (TPSS-R) forms a cross-linking reaction with glass and outer sealant, chemically bonding and forming an elastic whole at the edges (Figure 7, Figure 8).

　　反應(yīng)型熱塑間隔密封膠TPSS-R間隔條整體會(huì)隨腔體內(nèi)氣體熱脹冷縮而膨脹和收縮，徹底從源頭根除了因中空玻璃呼吸運(yùn)動(dòng)而產(chǎn)生的丁基膠內(nèi)溢現(xiàn)象。

　　The reactive thermoplastic spacer sealant TPSS-R spacer strip will expand and contract as a whole with the thermal expansion and contraction of the gas inside the cavity, completely eliminating the phenomenon of butyl rubber overflow caused by the breathing movement of the insulating glass from the source.

　　反應(yīng)型熱塑間隔密封膠（TPSS-R），不存在內(nèi)溢及撕裂等情況，在化學(xué)黏結(jié)的作用下，本體以及黏結(jié)面不存在漏氣通道，中空玻璃的密封性能更強(qiáng)、更持久，產(chǎn)品使用壽命可高達(dá)25年以上，高于中空玻璃國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定的至少15年，滿(mǎn)足現(xiàn)今對(duì)于材料與建筑物同周期的追求，也是目前徹底根除丁基膠防內(nèi)溢的有效方法。

　　Reactive thermoplastic spacer sealant (TPSS-R) has no internal overflow or tearing, and under the action of chemical bonding, there is no air leakage channel on the body and bonding surface. The sealing performance of insulated glass is stronger and more durable, and the product service life can reach more than 25 years, which is at least 15 years higher than the national standard for insulated glass. It meets the current pursuit of materials and buildings with the same cycle, and is also an effective method to completely eliminate the internal overflow of butyl rubber.

　　本文由 中空玻璃生產(chǎn)線(xiàn)  友情奉獻(xiàn).更多有關(guān)的知識(shí)請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊  http://ruiyingjituan.com/   真誠(chéng)的態(tài)度.為您提供為全面的服務(wù).更多有關(guān)的知識(shí)我們將會(huì)陸續(xù)向大家奉獻(xiàn).敬請(qǐng)期待.

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